Taxley guides
Clear answers for company tax questions.
Practical UK guides on Corporation Tax, CT600 filing, company accounts and Making Tax Digital. Built for directors who want the useful answer before the jargon.
Featured guide
Which guide should I read first?
Start with “Lost Companies House authentication code: how to get a new one”, our newest guide and a 13-minute read. All 90 guides are written from official sources such as legislation, HMRC manuals and GOV.UK guidance, link to them so you can check each figure, and show when they were last updated.
Lost Companies House authentication code: how to get a new one
How to get a lost Companies House authentication code posted again, how to get it sent to a home address, what to do when the accounts deadline is close, and why the 11-character personal code is a different thing.
Accounts
17 guides
Company accounts FAQs: Companies House questions answered (2026)
Short, sourced answers to the questions directors ask most about company accounts at Companies House: deadlines, first accounts, late penalties, filing yourself, authentication codes, micro-entity, filleted and dormant accounts, year ends, audits, costs and the April 2028 changes.
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Filleted vs abridged accounts: what small companies file
Filleted accounts leave out the profit and loss account; abridged accounts shrink the formats with every member's consent. What each type puts on the public register, what HMRC always receives, and the April 2028 changes.
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FRS 102 changes from 2026: what small companies must do
The FRS 102 Periodic Review 2024 amendments apply to accounting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2026. What changes for small companies, with a worked office-lease illustration.
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What goes in FRS 102 small company accounts? (Section 1A)
The parts of FRS 102 Section 1A small company accounts, the notes the law requires, the extra notes FRS 102 adds from 2026, and a worked Format 1 balance sheet.
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Companies House late filing penalties 2026: costs, appeals
The four penalty bands, the doubling rule, what Companies House accepts on appeal and when you can get more time, with Taxley's worked example for a 31 March 2025 year end.
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How to file company accounts with Companies House online
The deadline, the three filing routes open until April 2028, the 6-character authentication code, what goes on the public register, why accounts are rejected, and a worked timeline for a 31 March 2026 year end.
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What goes in micro-entity accounts? (FRS 105, 2026)
What FRS 105 micro-entity accounts contain, which notes and statements the balance sheet carries, what Companies House and HMRC receive, with a worked example.
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Doing your own limited company bookkeeping: what to keep
The records the Companies Act and HMRC require, how long to keep them, a monthly and year-end routine, and a table showing where each record ends up in the accounts and the CT600.
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Accounting policies note for a small company (FRS 102 1A)
The notes a small company's FRS 102 Section 1A accounts must give, a sample accounting policies note to adapt, and example wording for the three optional notes.
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Companies House software-only accounts filing from 1 April 2028
The Companies House accounts reforms start on 1 April 2028, not April 2027. WebFiling and paper close for accounts, abridged accounts end, and small companies must file a profit and loss account.
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Company accounts comparatives: how to enter last year's figures
Every set of company accounts except the first shows last year's figures. Where to find them, how to enter them in Taxley, and how to fix a last-year balance sheet that doesn't balance.
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Retained earnings movement: dividends paid and other reserves
Retained earnings roll forward by profit after tax, less dividends, plus or minus any genuine reserve movement. Here's what to enter, and what each mismatch warning means.
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Changing accountant? Build a company-tax handover pack
Request the records behind your company's last return before changing accountant or filing software. Includes a practical handover checklist.
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Company balance sheet does not balance? Check these first
Find a balance-sheet difference without inventing a balancing figure. Check opening balances, signs, profits, dividends and missing liabilities.
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Before importing a trial balance: a director's checklist
Check dates, signs, control balances and account mapping before importing a trial balance into accounts or CT600 software. Includes a reconciliation.
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Unpaid invoices at company year end: why cash is not profit
Use an illustrative year-end example to understand debtors, unpaid bills and prepayments before preparing limited-company accounts and a CT600.
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FRS 105 vs FRS 102 §1A: which accounts to file
Two regimes cover almost every small company. FRS 105 is simpler; FRS 102 §1A shows more. Here's which one your company qualifies for — and the trade-offs.
Read guideCorporation Tax
41 guides
Company bank interest on the CT600: which box and how it's taxed
Where a company's bank interest goes on the Company Tax Return (CT600), why it's a non-trading loan relationship credit, how it's taxed even without a trade, and two worked examples.
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CT41G letter from HMRC: what it is and what to do next
What the CT41G letter is, what to do once it arrives, how it differs from the CT603 notice to deliver a return, and a worked timeline from incorporation to the first CT600 and payment.
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Company with no income but not dormant: do you file a CT600?
Why a company with no income can still be active for Corporation Tax, when it must file a Company Tax Return (CT600), which boxes show the costs and the loss, and how bank interest changes things.
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Corporation Tax FAQs: 16 questions UK directors ask (2026)
A question-and-answer hub for UK company directors: 2026/27 Corporation Tax rates, payment and CT600 deadlines, late interest, losses, dividends, s455, iXBRL, records and filing without an accountant, each linked to a deeper guide.
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Accounting period vs financial year vs tax year: explained
The date terms a UK company works to, side by side: period of account, accounting reference date, accounting period, Corporation Tax financial year and tax year, with a worked 30 June year end.
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My dormant company has started trading: what now?
What to do when a dormant limited company starts trading again: telling HMRC within 3 months, the new accounting period, the first CT600 and Corporation Tax payment, Companies House accounts, and VAT and PAYE.
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How to calculate Corporation Tax, step by step (2026)
A worked example takes £60,000 of accounts profit to £59,000 of taxable profit and £11,885 of Corporation Tax, with marginal relief, in seven steps.
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How to pay a dividend from a limited company, step by step
The seven steps to paying a lawful dividend from a UK limited company, with a board minute, a written resolution and a dividend voucher template, and a £30,000 worked example.
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Sole trader vs limited company: tax compared (2026/27)
Which structure pays less tax in 2026/27? A worked £50,000 comparison, the non-tax differences, and the steps for moving a sole trade into a company.
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Corporation Tax repayment: how long it takes, how to claim
What HMRC actually says about repayment times, the CT600 boxes that claim a refund, a worked £2,000 interest example and the reasons repayments are held.
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Salary or dividends in 2026/27: how should a company director pay themselves?
Compare salary and dividends using the same company budget, including 2026/27 dividend tax, employer National Insurance and Employment Allowance.
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Buying an electric car through a limited company: what is the real tax cost?
Compare the company and director costs of an electric car, including capital allowances, 2026/27 benefit in kind, employer NI, VAT and resale.
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What expenses can a limited company claim? A practical UK checklist
Check which limited-company costs can reduce Corporation Tax, what evidence to keep, and how to separate everyday expenses, assets and personal payments.
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Can my limited company pay into my pension? Tax relief and limits explained
See how company pension contributions work, when Corporation Tax relief arises, how personal allowances apply and what a £10,000 payment could cost.
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Working from home through a limited company: what can directors claim in 2026/27?
Understand company-paid homeworking expenses, the £6 weekly allowance, evidence for higher costs and the personal tax-relief change from April 2026.
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How to claim capital allowances for a limited company in 2026
A company claims capital allowances on its CT600 instead of deducting depreciation. Here are the 2026 rates, how a balancing charge works, and what to type in Taxley's capital allowances boxes.
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How is a limited company taxed when it sells property?
No Capital Gains Tax, no £3,000 allowance, and indexation that stops at December 2017. How a company's gain on property or shares is worked out, taxed and reported, with a 2026 worked example.
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Disallowable expenses for Corporation Tax: adjustments explained
Accounts profit becomes taxable profit by adding back depreciation and disallowable costs such as client entertaining, then deducting capital allowances and losses. Here's what counts, and what to type in Taxley.
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Does Making Tax Digital apply to limited companies?
MTD for Income Tax covers sole traders and landlords, not companies. Here is what a limited company files, where MTD for VAT applies, and HMRC's position on Corporation Tax.
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How to fill in a director's loan on a company tax return (CT600A)
A box-by-box walk-through of the director's loan question and CT600A panel: which answer to pick, what to type for each borrower, how a £6,000 repayment cuts s455 tax from £6,075 to £4,050, and the s413 note.
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How to pay Corporation Tax: reference, deadline and methods
Corporation Tax is due 9 months and 1 day after the accounting period ends, before the CT600 is due. How to find the payment reference, which method clears in time, and what paying late costs in 2026.
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Trading losses brought forward: Corporation Tax and CT600 box 285
A trading loss brought forward is last year's unused tax loss. Here's how Corporation Tax relieves it, which CT600 box it goes in, and exactly what to type in Taxley's Trading losses box.
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What is a CT600A? Director's loans and s455 tax in 2026
The CT600A works out section 455 tax on a director's loan still owed at the year end. The 2026 rates, the 9-month rule, bed-and-breakfasting, relief and a worked example.
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Accounting profit vs taxable profit: a CT600 example
Why does your CT600 profit differ from your accounts? Follow a labelled example showing depreciation, disallowed expenses and capital allowances.
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Associated companies: check your Corporation Tax thresholds
Owning another company can reduce your Corporation Tax profit limits. Use a worked threshold example and gather the right control information.
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Client entertaining or staff party? Separate the tax checks
Distinguish client hospitality from staff entertaining, understand why the £150 exemption is a separate test, and keep useful expense evidence.
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Company pre-trading expenses: check the payer and the purpose
Sort pre-trading company costs into revenue, capital and later-period items, and build the evidence needed before claiming Corporation Tax relief.
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Found a CT600 mistake after filing? What to check next
Work out whether you need to amend a filed Company Tax Return, correct accounts or resolve a failed submission. Includes an amendment evidence checklist.
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Director's loan account: does the company owe you?
Reconcile a director's loan account, distinguish company funding from personal withdrawals, and spot when an overdrawn balance needs tax advice.
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Are dividends a Corporation Tax expense?
Dividends do not reduce Corporation Tax. Learn how to separate dividends, salary, reimbursements and director-loan movements in your records.
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Company equipment: expense or capital allowance?
Bought equipment through your company? Separate the invoice, accounting treatment and capital-allowance decision before preparing your CT600.
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First company accounts: why you may need two CT600s
First accounts longer than 12 months? Understand the two CT600 periods, check your trading start date and prepare a clear filing plan.
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Company made a loss? Your CT600 still needs a loss schedule
Understand why a loss-making company may still need a CT600, how tax losses differ from accounts losses, and what to record before claiming relief.
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What happens if you file your CT600 late?
A late CT600 triggers an automatic penalty the day it's overdue — and it grows. Here's the full penalty schedule, the repeat-offender rule, and how paying late is charged separately.
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What is a UTR and where do I find it?
Your UTR is the 10-digit reference HMRC uses to identify your company for tax. Here's exactly where to find it — and what to do if you can't.
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How to file a CT600 yourself (without an accountant)
You can file your own CT600 — many small companies do. Here's exactly what you need, the steps in order, and where the process trips people up.
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Corporation Tax for a property (rental) company
Hold your rentals in a limited company? You pay Corporation Tax on the rental profit — and file a CT600 with iXBRL accounts. Here's the whole process in plain English.
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How to file a dormant company tax return
Dormant doesn't always mean 'do nothing'. If HMRC sent a notice to deliver a return, you still file a nil CT600. Here's what dormant means and how to file it.
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What is a CT600 and how do you file one?
The CT600 is the form HMRC uses to assess your Corporation Tax — but it's only part of what you file. Here's the whole picture, in plain English.
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Corporation Tax deadlines: when to pay and file
Paying and filing are two different deadlines — and the payment one comes first. Here's exactly when each falls and what happens if you miss them.
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Corporation Tax rates and marginal relief 2026/27
19% up to £50,000, 25% above £250,000, and a tapered rate in between. Here's how the small profits rate and marginal relief actually work — with the numbers.
Read guideFiling
26 guides
CT600 rejected by HMRC with error 1046: how to fix it
A rejected Company Tax Return (CT600) isn't filed. What HMRC's error 1046 sign-in failure means and how to fix it, a decision table for HMRC's other rejection codes, and why error 3304 needs a check with HMRC before you send anything again.
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Already filed accounts at Companies House? How to file your CT600
Filing accounts at Companies House doesn't file your Company Tax Return. Which accounts HMRC needs when you filed filleted, micro-entity or abridged accounts, how to build the CT600 package, and a dated example.
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What is my Government Gateway user ID for Corporation Tax?
The Government Gateway user ID that files a company's CT600: what it looks like, why it isn't your email address, where to find a lost one, company versus agent sign-ins, and where GOV.UK One Login fits.
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How do I know HMRC has received my CT600?
How to tell whether HMRC has your Company Tax Return (CT600): the gateway's first acknowledgement versus HMRC's acceptance and receipt, what acceptance doesn't mean, where to check, and what to do if no confirmation arrives.
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Several overdue CT600 returns: which should you file first?
When several years of Company Tax Returns are overdue, the order matters: each return has its own penalties, losses carry forward and some deadlines are closer than others. A decision table and a worked example.
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Can AI do my company tax return? ChatGPT and CT600 FAQs
Straight answers on using ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini or Copilot for a UK Company Tax Return (CT600): filing, accounts, penalties, data safety, HMRC's own AI guidelines and how to check an AI tax answer.
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Attaching supporting documents to your CT600: what and how
Which supporting documents belong with a Company Tax Return (CT600) as PDFs and which don't, HMRC's limits, the group relief consent notice, and how to attach one in Taxley.
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Changing your company year end (AA01): what happens to tax
How to change a company's accounting reference date on form AA01, and what it does to Corporation Tax periods, payment dates and CT600 deadlines, with two worked 2026 timelines.
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Cheap CT600 software for small companies (FRS 102), 2026
Few low-cost CT600 products publish a price for FRS 102 Section 1A accounts. Who needs them, what the software must file, and five published prices compared.
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Cheapest way to file a dormant company's return (2026)
What a dormant company must file, which parts are free, and what each way of filing costs: published prices by product type, checked 27 September 2026.
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How much does an accountant charge a limited company? (2026)
Price lists from 11 UK accountancy firms, checked 28 September 2026: what each fee covers, what pushes it up, and a worked yearly cost against software.
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Is cheap CT600 software safe? What to check before you pay
A low price isn't the risk; missing scope is. An 11-point checklist for CT600 software, the warning signs from our 27 September 2026 price check, and what HMRC's list means.
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Limited company running costs: what you pay each year (2026)
The full yearly compliance bill for a small limited company: the statutory fees you can't avoid, the services you can do yourself, and a worked example.
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Common CT600 mistakes when you file it yourself
Nine Company Tax Return mistakes, each with the tax or rejection it causes, how to spot it and how to fix it, plus what Taxley's own unfinished returns show.
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Corporation Tax activation code: get set up to file yourself
Filing your own CT600 needs the company's own HMRC login with Corporation Tax added, and the activation code only comes by post. The steps, which code is which, and the latest safe date to start.
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Limited company year-end checklist (without an accountant)
Everything a director does between the last day of the financial year and the last filing: closing the books, year-end checks, accounts, Corporation Tax, the CT600 and the director's own deadlines, with a worked calendar for a 31 March 2026 year end.
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One-person limited company without an accountant: what to do
Every yearly job for a sole director-shareholder company: who it goes to, the 2026–27 dates, and the cases where an accountant earns the fee.
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Best CT600 filing software in the UK (2026): how to choose
A CT600 software buyer's guide from a vendor that says so: the main types of product, what each prepares, which file accounts to Companies House and what to check.
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CT600 tick boxes 38 to 75: when to tick each one in 2026
A deep dive on the CT600's nine 'About this return' tick boxes: a one-line test for when to tick each of boxes 38 to 75, an example, and what Taxley does next.
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Final CT600 when closing a limited company: steps and dates
The final accounting period ends the day trading stops. What HMRC and Companies House each need, in what order, with a worked 2026 example.
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How much does it cost to file a CT600 in 2026?
There's no single price for a CT600. The total cost by route (CT600-only software, all-in-one software or an accountant), plus the fees and penalties.
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Your CT600 was accepted: what should you do next?
An HMRC receipt is not approval of your tax figures. Save the filed pack, check payment separately and finish your company's other filing tasks.
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CT600, annual accounts or confirmation statement?
Understand the three company filings directors often confuse, who receives each one and how to track completion without missing a separate task.
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Free HMRC CT600 filing has closed: what to use now
Replacing HMRC's closed company filing service? Check accounts, computations, filing scope and total costs before choosing CT600 software.
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iXBRL accounts for a CT600: what to check beyond the PDF
Understand the difference between a PDF and iXBRL accounts, then review the company, dates, figures and filing package before submitting a CT600.
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Simple vs box-by-box CT600 filing: which to use
A guided form is faster; a box-by-box editor gives accountant-level control. Here's how the two approaches differ — and how to choose.
Read guideMaking Tax Digital
5 guides
MTD for landlords: what property owners must do from April 2026
Landlords must check gross property income, joint ownership shares and any self-employment income against the MTD thresholds.
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MTD penalties: what happens if you miss a deadline?
MTD late submissions use points, with £200 penalties at the threshold, while late-payment penalties change after the first MTD year.
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MTD quarterly updates: dates, deadlines and what to send
MTD quarterly updates are cumulative year-to-date totals, due four times a year, with the same deadlines under standard or calendar quarters.
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What is Making Tax Digital for Income Tax?
Making Tax Digital for Income Tax means digital records, quarterly updates, and a final declaration for mandated sole traders and landlords.
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Who has to use MTD for Income Tax — and who is exempt?
MTD for Income Tax applies by qualifying income threshold, with automatic and applied exemptions for specific cases.
Read guideWhen you are ready
Prepare your return with confidence.
Taxley turns your figures into a CT600, iXBRL accounts and computations. You see your Corporation Tax before you pay.